![]() ![]() At the first presentation, around 15% of patients with lung cancer have a pleural effusion. Pleural effusion is a possible complication of disease in all cell types of lung cancer. Pleural effusion is not always a sign of cancer metastasising, but it is evident that in most cases it is related to the primary disease. Lung cancer disturbs one or more mechanisms of normal fluid flow, which is followed by inevitable accumulation of fluid in pleural space. Pleural effusion in lung cancer is a complication of terminal or preterminal stage of disease. Over 175,000 MPE are diagnosed yearly in USA and 50,000 in the UK. In 75% of cases, MPE are a consequence of metastatic dissemination of lung or breast cancer. Also, there are biochemical properties of PMPE and MPE. Therapeutic procedures depend on the presence of respiratory distress, biochemical properties of pleural fluid, type of primary tumour, and expected response to the therapy. ![]() PMPEs equally appear in all pathohistological types of lung cancer, as MPEs are the most common in lung adenocarcinoma. Bronchoopstruction, atelectasis, infection, pulmonary emboli, air therapy, and heliotherapy result in effusion development. In PMPE, lung cancer had been previously diagnosed. In pleural fluid or tissue, there are malignant cells. MPEs are a sign of metastatic dissemination of neoplastic disease. Differentiating between paramalignant and malignant effusions has both therapeutic and prognostic significance. The probability that an effusion is paramalignant is higher if the effusion is a transudative or parapneumonic effusion. Paramalignant pleural effusions are not a consequence of malignant disease spreading to pleura. In all cell types of lung cancer, pleural effusion is a possible complication of disease. ![]()
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